What it is: The RCWL-0516 is a Doppler microwave motion sensor. Unlike a PIR it doesn't need line of sight — it can sense movement through thin walls, plastic and cardboard, which makes it great for hidden presence detection.
How it works: It emits a low-power microwave signal and watches for a frequency shift from moving objects (the Doppler effect). OUT goes HIGH (3.3V) when motion is detected. Digital only.
Wiring:
RCWL OUT -> GPIO10 (digital)
RCWL VIN -> 5V (accepts 4–28V; 5V is ideal)
RCWL GND -> GND
OLED VCC=3V3, GND=GND, SDA=GPIO4, SCL=GPIO5
Libraries: only "Adafruit SSD1306" and "Adafruit GFX Library".
On screen / Serial: "MOTION!" or "idle". Wave a hand — even from behind a book — to trip it.
Gotchas: It's very sensitive and has a wide field, so it can trigger on movement several metres away or through walls; mount it thoughtfully. Keep it away from the ESP32's WiFi antenna and USB cable, which can cause false triggers. OUT is 3.3V-safe.