What it is: The MLX90614 measures the temperature of a surface without touching it, by reading the infrared it emits. It's the sensor inside no-contact forehead thermometers. It reports both the object temperature and its own ambient temperature.
How it works: I2C device at address 0x5A. It has a fixed field of view (~90° on the bare part, narrower on the "BAA" variant), so it averages everything in its cone. The library returns object and ambient temperature in °C.
Wiring (shared I2C bus with the OLED):
MLX90614 SDA -> GPIO4
MLX90614 SCL -> GPIO5
MLX90614 VIN -> 3V3
MLX90614 GND -> GND
OLED VCC=3V3, GND=GND, SDA=GPIO4, SCL=GPIO5
Libraries: "Adafruit MLX90614 Library" (installs "Adafruit BusIO"), plus "Adafruit SSD1306" and "Adafruit GFX Library".
On screen / Serial: object temperature (big) and ambient temperature (small). Point it at your hand vs a cold wall to see the difference.
Gotchas: It reads an average over its whole cone, so back off for a spot reading and get close for accuracy. The 3V and 5V board versions exist — the common purple GY-906 breakout works at 3.3V.